Title IX Definitions

Title IX Definitions

• Complainant

  The complainant is an individual who is alleged to be the victim of conduct that could constitute sexual harassment. 

• Consent

  Consent must be informed, voluntary, and mutual, and can be withdrawn at any time. There is no consent where there is force, expressed or implied, or when coercion, intimidation, threats or duress is used. Whether a person has taken advantage of a position of influence over another person may be a factor in determining consent. Silence or absence of resistance does not imply ongoing future consent with that person or consent to that same sexual activity with another person. Past consent does not imply future consent. 

  If a person is mentally or physically incapacitated or impaired so that such person cannot understand the fact, nature, or extent of the sexual situation, there is no consent; this includes impairment or incapacitation due to alcohol or drug consumption that meets this standard, or being asleep or unconscious. 

• Domestic Violence

  Domestic violence is defined as felony or misdemeanor crimes of violence committed by a current or former spouse or intimate partner of the victim, by a person with whom the victim shares a child in common, by a person who is cohabitating with or has cohabitated with the victim as a spouse or intimate partner, by a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim under the domestic or family violence laws of Ohio, or by any other person against an adult or youth victim who is protected from that person’s acts under the domestic or family violence laws of Ohio. 

• Dating Violence

  This is violence committed by a person who is or has been in a social relationship of a romantic or intimate nature with the victim, and where the existence of such a relationship shall be determined based on a consideration of the following factors – the length of the relationship, the type of relationship, and the frequency of interaction between the persons involved in the relationship. 

• Education Programs and Activities

  Education programs and activities refers to all the operations of the University of Mount Union, including, but not limited to, in-person and online educational instruction, employment, research activities, extracurricular activities, dining services, and community engagement and outreach programs. The term applies to all activity that occurs on campus or on other property owned or occupied by the University. It also includes off-campus locations, events, or circumstances over which the University exercises substantial control over the Respondent and the context in which the Sexual Harassment occurs, including Sexual Harassment occurring in any building owned or controlled by a student organization that is officially recognized by the University. 

• Formal Complaint

  A formal complaint is a document submitted or signed by a complainant or signed by the Title IX Coordinator or Senior Title IX Administrator alleging a respondent engaged in harassment or discrimination based on a protected characteristic or retaliation for engaging in a protected activity and requesting that the University of Mount Union investigate the allegation(s). 

• Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment

  Hostile environment sexual harassment is unwelcome conduct determined by a reasonable person to be so severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive that it effectively denies a person access to the University of Mount Union’s education programs and activities. This may include conduct of a nonsexual nature that is based on an individual’s actual or perceived sex, including conduct based on gender identity, gender expression, and nonconformity with gender stereotypes. 

• Incapacitation

  Incapacitation is the lack of physical or mental ability to make informed, rational judgments. Examples of incapacitation include unconsciousness, sleep, and blackouts. 

• Intimidation

  Intimidation is the unlawful act of intentionally coercing or frightening someone to do (or to not do) something against his or her will. 

• Preponderance of the Evidence

  To find an individual in violation of sexual misconduct, only a preponderance of evidence standard needs to exist. This means it is “more likely than not” that the violation occurred and is less strict than “proof beyond a reasonable doubt”. The evidence does not have to be “clear and convincing.”

• Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment

  Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment occurs when an employee of the University of Mount Union conditions the provision of an aid, benefit, or service of the University on an individual’s participation in unwelcome sexual contact. 

• Respondent

  The respondent is an individual who has been alleged to be the perpetrator of conduct that could constitute sexual harassment. 

• Retaliation

  Retaliation is intimidation, threats, coercion, or discrimination against any individual for the purpose of interfering with any right or privilege secured by Title IX and its implementing regulations or because an individual has made a report or complaint, testified, assisted, or participated or refused to participate in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this policy.   

• Sex Discrimination

  Sex discrimination comes in various forms. Some examples include sexual harassment, sexual assault, sexual violence, and sexual exploitation. For a full list with definitions of each type of discrimination, please visit our Definition page. 

• Sexual Assault

  Sexual assault includes the sex offenses of rape, sodomy, sexual assault with an object, fondling, incest, and statutory rape. 

  • Rape is the carnal knowledge of a person, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity. There is “carnal knowledge” if there is the slightest penetration of the vagina or penis by the sexual organ of the other person. Attempted Rape is included. 
  • Sodomy is oral or anal sexual intercourse with another person, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity. 
  • Sexual Assault with an Object is using an object or instrument to unlawfully penetrate, however slightly, the genital or anal opening of the body of another person, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity. An “object” or “instrument” is anything used by the offender other than the offender’s genitalia. 
  • Fondling is the touching of the private body parts of another person for the purpose of sexual gratification, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity. 
  • Incest is sexual intercourse between persons who are related to each other within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by Ohio law. 
  • Statutory Rape is sexual intercourse with a person who is under the statutory age of consent as defined by Ohio law. 
• Sexual Harassment

  Sexual harassment is conduct on the basis of sex that constitutes quid pro quo sexual harassment, hostile environment sexual harassment, sexual assault, domestic violence, dating violence, or stalking. 

• Stalking

  Stalking is engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to: fear for their safety or the safety of others; or suffer substantial emotional distress. 

• Supportive Measures

  Non-disciplinary, non-punitive individualized services offered, as appropriate, and reasonably available, and without fee or charge, that are designed to restore or preserve equal access to the University of Mount Union’s Education Programs and Activities without unreasonably burdening another party, including measures designed to protect the safety of all parties implicated by a report or the University’s education environment, or to deter Sexual Harassment. Examples of Supportive measures include: counseling, extensions of academic or other deadlines, course-related adjustments, modifications to work or class schedules, campus escort services, changes in work or housing locations, leaves of absence, increased security and monitoring of certain areas of campus, and other similar measures. Supportive Measures may also include mutual restrictions on contact between the parties implicated by a report.